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Biography: Life of Mahatma Gandhi
Born 1869, Died 1948
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the man who won independence for India, was born on October 2, 1869 near Bombay. India at this time was under British rule. Gandhi belonged to the Hindu merchant caste.
Gandhi obtained a law degree from University College in London. While in college he studied philosophy and learned the doctrines of nonresistance and civil disobedience.
In 1891 Gandhi returned to India to practice law. Not being successful, he went to South Africa and established a large practice. Seeing how Indians were treated in South Africa, Gandhi established the Natal Indian Congress. Still remaining a loyal British subject, he was honored for humanitarian service during the Boer War and Zulu revolt.
In 1906 Gandhi and his followers began his non-violent civil disobedience resistance to laws in South Africa against Asians. He was twice imprisoned for his protests.
Gandhi returned to India in 1914 and began his work for home rule and reconciliation of all classes of people and religious groups. He became a leader of the Indian National Congress. From 1922 to 1924 Gandhi was imprisoned for his leadership of a boycott of British goods and government. He was jailed again in 1930 for his protest of a salt tax.
Gandhi came to realize that India could not remain a part of the British Empire if it were to have any real freedom. He demanded independence for India in exchange for its aid to the British during World War II. As a result, he was imprisoned again from 1942 to 1944.
In 1947, through Gandhi’s peaceful efforts, India became independent. The country was split between the Hindu and Moslem groups and riots resulted. Gandhi went on a fast until peace was restored.
On January 30, 1948, Mahatma (Great Soul) Gandhi was assassinated by a Hindu who was angered by his efforts to bring peace between the two groups.
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