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Essay on The Tuskegee Airmen
Although African-Americans had been involved in all wars fought from the Revolution onward, the racial segregation they faced in society also prevailed in the military. In most cases they served in all black units.
Racial segregation of the military was still United States policy at the time of World War II. Faced with the protest of black leaders to the inferior training and participation of blacks in combat, the government established a program at Tuskegee Institute to train African-Americans as fighter pilots. Following their initial training at Tuskegee Institute, they were sent to Tuskegee Army Air Field to complete their combat training.
In 1943 the 99th Fighter Squadron, the first group of Tuskegee trainees, was sent to North Africa for combat duty. The outfit fought gallantly in the aerial war over North Africa and Sicily.
The success of the 99th Squadron resulted in the pairing of the Squadron with the 79th Fighter Group, an all white Squadron. This union gave the Tuskegee Airmen their first opportunity to bomb key German strongholds.
The end of the 99th Fighter Squadron came in 1944 when it was joined with three other Squadrons trained at Tuskegee Institute to form the 332nd Fighter Group. The 332nd successfully completed numerous military missions.
Following World War II, the government was forced to reassess its policy of segregation of the military. President Harry Truman issued the executive orders leading to integration of the military services.
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