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Biography: Life of Rosa Parks
Born 1913
Rosa Parks, the mother of the modern civil rights movement, was born Rosa Louise McCauley on February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama. She was educated in segregated schools in Montgomery and attended Alabama State College, an all-back college.
In 1932 Rosa married Raymond Parks and settle in Montgomery. The coupled joined the local chapter of the NAACP and worked to better conditions for African Americans.
On December 1, 1955, as a weary Rosa Parks was riding the bus home from her job as a seamstress, she was ordered by the bus driver to give up her seat to a white man. Rosa Parks bravely refused. She was arrested and fined for violating a city ordinance.
The bus incident and the courage of Rosa Parks inspired the blacks to fight for their civil rights. The Montgomery Improvement Association, led by Martin Luther King, Jr., was formed. The group called for a city-wide boycott of the bus system to force the city to desegregate public transportation. The boycott, which lasted 382 days, ended on December 21, 1956 when the United States Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation on city buses was unconstitutional. The inspiring action of Rosa Parks brought worldwide attention to the cause of African Americans.
After the boycott Rosa Parks and her family suffered harassment and moved to Detroit, Michigan in 1957. Here she served on the staff of United States Representative John Conyers. To honor her, the Rosa Parks Freedom Award was established by the Southern Christian Leadership Council.
Rosa Parks continued to be involved in the civil rights movement, giving speeches and attending marches and demonstrations. In 1980 Rosa Parks received the Martin Luther King, Jr. Nonviolent Peace Prize.
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