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Civil Rights Movement Timeline
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History of the Civil Rights Movement
1866 – U. S. Congress passes Civil Rights Act conferring citizenship on black Americans, thereby granting equal rights with whites.
1868 – 14th Amendment to U. S. Constitution granting citizenship to anyone born or naturalized in U. S. ratified.
1870 – 15th Amendment to U. S. Constitution granting right of U. S. citizens to vote ratified.
1875 – Civil Rights Act of 1875 guaranteeing equal rights to blacks on jury duty and in public accommodations, except schools, enacted.
1883 – Civil Rights Act of 1875 declared unconstitutional by U. S. Supreme Court. Court further declares 14th Amendment forbids states, but not citizens or privately owned facilities, from discrimination. Decision leads to segregated “Jim Crow” laws.
1896 – U. S. Supreme Court issues decision in Plessy V. Ferguson, ruling that “separate but equal” doctrine satisfies 14th Amendment guarantees. Decision allows states to legislate and protect segregation by law.
1905 – The Niagara Movement, led by W.E.B. Dubois and William Monroe Trotter formed.
1909 – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) formed.
1911 – National Urban League organized.
1917 – U. S. Supreme Court strikes down Kentucky ordinance which mandates segregated neighborhoods.
1925 – Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters organized.
1939 – Marian Anderson barred from singing in Constitutional Hall in Washington, D.C.
1954 – Decision of U. S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education rules racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. Decision overturns “separate but equal” doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson.
1955 – Rosa Parks refuses to give up seat on bus to white man in Montgomery, Alabama.
1956 – In response to Montgomery bus boycott, U. S. Supreme Court rules segregation on buses illegal.
1957 – Schools integrated in Little Rock, Arkansas with aid of federal troops.
1957 – Civil Rights Act of 1957 to protect voting rights of blacks approved by U. S. Congress.
1963 – People of all races participate in March on Washington in support of equal rights for blacks. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivers “I Have a Dream” speech.
1964 – Civil Rights Act of 1964 banning discrimination in employment, voting and places of public accommodation signed into law by Lyndon B. Johnson.
1965 – 1965 Voting Rights Act outlawing literacy tests and poll taxes passed by U. S. Congress.
1966 – Militant Black Panthers founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.
1968 – Martin Luther King, Jr. assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.
1968 – Civil Rights Act of 1968 prohibiting discrimination in the sale, rental and financing of housing signed by Lyndon B. Johnson.
1971 – U. S. Supreme Court in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education upholds busing as a legitimate means to achieve desegregation and integration of schools.
1991 – Civil Rights Act of 1991 strengthens Civil Rights Act of 1964 by providing for damages in intentional employment discrimination cases.
2003 – U. S. Supreme Court upholds policy of University of Michigan Law School, ruling that race can be one factor used by colleges to select students to obtain a diverse student body.
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